By
Jim Gallert with Lars Bjorn
 |
o
Maurice
King, late 1940s.
This
o
o
‘Svengali’
pose was one of Maurice’s
o
favorites.
Courtesy Evans W. King |
On Monday, December
28, 1992, some of Motown’s biggest stars gathered at the Union
Second Baptist Church to pay their final respects to Maurice King,
a man whose talent helped them to develop into world class artists.
The Spinners and Stevie Wonder were among the hundreds of mourners
who gathered that cold December day. Inside the church the atmosphere
was warmer and filled with beautiful sounds. Gladys Knight, whom King
first brought to Detroit as child of twelve, sang a song. Later, Martha
Reeves declared to King’s son Evans that King was “the
reason we’re still in show business.” Many musicians were
there that day; they’d worked with, and respected, Maurice King.
In Detroit, at least, King was a celebrity.
m In a career which spanned nearly half
a century, King played important parts in Detroit music: He was a
bandleader at the fabled Flame Show Bar, the most important outlet
for black entertainers during the 1950s. He was musical director of
artist development at Motown Records for ten years. After Motown he
served as music director for the Spinners, guiding them through countless
appearances, conducting six to 60 piece ensembles, and arranging their
music. In his last years he mentored younger musicians like D.C. Drive.
He died in Detroit on December 23, 1992.
An excellent musician,
he was also soft-spoken and sophisticated, a man who expressed himself
clearly and confidently. He had a strong personality and always did
things ‘his way’. King had a good sense of humor, a knack
for winning at cards, a weakness for brightly colored tuxedoes and
custom-made attire. His music arrangements were distinctive and audacious.
A perfectionist who eschewed drink and smoke, King settled for nothing
less than the best. He was a consummate professional.
m Born the youngest of six in the heart
of the Mississippi Delta — Renshaw, Miss. — in 1911 and
raised in neighboring Greenwood, Clarence (Maurice) King was inspired
to play clarinet after hearing a minstrel band while in grammar school.
By the time he graduated from high school, King (now playing alto
saxophone – it was less of a struggle) was known as a gifted
child. He moved to Nashville, “the Athens of the south,”
in the early 1930s to study music at Tennessee A&I State College
(now Tennessee State University).
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| Maurice
King and his Wolverines, c. early 1950s. L to R: King
(seated at piano), Elbert "Dagwood" Langford, "Sweet
Lou" Barnett, Beans Bowles, Russell Green, Clarence Sherrill.
The
Wolverines were the Flame Show Bar houseband for eleven years.
Courtesy
Evans W. King |
m
King’s budding leadership skills, and his talent, landed
him the job of assistant Music Director for the school’s band
Tennessee State Collegians, led by trumpeter/arranger Sammy Lowe (on
leave from the Erskine Hawkins Orchestra). King’s job was to
select and arrange their music and rehearse the band.
m King got involved with an attractive
freshman named Eddie Mae Waller. After Eddie Mae became pregnant,
both students dropped out of school. Eddie Mae moved back to Mississippi
to stay with her family and await the birth of their child, and King
stayed around Nashville and began working full time as a musician.
The two were married in late 1933. Clarence King, Jr., was born in
1934, (followed by Evans Waller in 1937 and Karen Diane in 1950. A
fourth child, Gregory, died shortly after birth.)
m Eddie Mae’s father got into a
serious fight with a white man and, as a result, he and his family
moved to Detroit and stayed with relatives. Clarence remembers meeting
his dad for the first time at age two when King joined them in Detroit.
Maurice (King hated Clarence and renamed himself) didn’t join
the American Federation of Musicians Local 5 until 1939. He scouted
for work, placing arrangements with various Chicago and Detroit-based
bands.
m Saxophonist Jac Cooper, a white high
school student, met King around this time. Cooper and his friends
were assembling a dance band, and King used them to try out new arrangements.
King’s focus was always on music – he wasn’t concerned
with color, just talent, and he utilized qualified musicians regardless
of race. Mixed-race bands, even in the democracy of jazz, were rare;
Benny Goodman led the only national band to feature black and white
musicians in the same group. Maurice later got some flak from fellow
African American musicians who took a dim view of the mostly white
bands King assembled for in-person performances, but he was unfazed
by their comments.
m “I first met Maurice while helping
Ken Stone form his first local band,” says Cooper. “We
were all just school kids and Maurice wrote his fabulous arrangements
and rehearsed us several times each week and really taught us everything…I
remember Maurice packing us whities up…and going to the old
Melody Club downtown and we’d set up and he would direct us
in playing those way out arrangements. He was so proud of us and we
of him.”
 |
| Maurice
King and Sweethearts leader Anna Mae Winburn. Courtesy
Evans W. King |
m
King joined a Works Progress Administration (WPA) concert band
around 1940, and caught the eye of LeRoy Smith, a pioneering black
Detroit society bandleader. Smith offered King a spot in his own WPA
band. Smith was a polished and savvy Detroit bandleader who relocated
to Manhattan in 1921 and led bands at prestigious New York nightspots
before returning to Detroit in 1934.
m In my 1986 interview with King, he
characterized Smith’s band as a “classic band, a society
band, a band that played the best jobs, a very colorful band. He had
strings and the whole shot. He had his pick of whoever he wanted…I
never knew the beauty of playing with beautiful musicians in Detroit
until I got into his band... (trumpeter) Russell Green, (saxophonist)
Louie Barnett were in his band. The intonation was there, they were
all good readers.”
m The three years he spent in Smith’s
band put the finishing touches on King’s deportment and sense
of style. He used lessons learned from Smith in his own bands. King
told me he considered Smith
m “Something like an idol of mine,
like a father. He taught me how to be a leader. He played my arrangements,
but he didn’t play my arrangements in the tempos that I wanted.
He used to play “Stardust” at those society tempos…not
slow, “bright”. I questioned him about that once, and
he was very polite. And he said, ‘well, I’ll show you.
And, the next night he played it slow, and there wouldn’t be
anybody on the dance floor, hardly. He’d play it fast, and everybody
would get up and dance. Smart man. Louie Barnett, at the Flame Show
Bar, many times when we’d get those standing ovations, he’d
say, ‘yeah, LeRoy taught you well.’
m King got several job offers, including
one from renowned bandleader Jimmie Lunceford. The loss of saxophonist
Willie Smith (King’s main inspiration on alto) in the summer
of ’42 left a huge hole in Lunceford’s band: Smith led
the reed section, played most of the alto sax jazz solos, sang, and
was also featured on clarinet; he was a tough act to replace, or follow.
Maurice didn’t sing, but it was his reluctance to play clarinet
which cost him the job.
In 1943 King was contacted by the manager of the International Sweethearts
of Rhythm, one of several “girl” bands active at the time,
and asked to take over as Music Director, an offer LeRoy Smith urged
him to accept.
m King referred to the ISR as “the
world’s greatest all-girl band.” Aside from the novelty
aspect of female jazz musicians, they had sex appeal, and often women
with no performing experience or little talent were hired. Maurice
was aware of this, and he restocked the band with competent female
musicians regardless of looks, or race; the Sweethearts included black,
white, mulatto and asian women. Unlike his predecessors, King kept
his relationship with the women on a purely professional basis.
 |
|
King with the International Sweethearts
of Rhythm, c. 1946. Maurice was their Music Director,
arranger, conductor, and sometime-chaperone. He’d take on
many of the same roles at Motown Records in the early 1960s. Courtesy
Evans W. King |
m “His personality won great favor
with the girls and his musical leadership capabilities resulted in
the band’s continued ascendancy toward artistic perfection and
sustained popularity,” says Sweetheart’s biographer D.
Antoinette Handy.”
Saxophonist Roz Cron summed up King’s method: “Maurice
immediately put us through the most grueling rehearsals. It was a
tough struggle, but we made it.”
King’s patience paid off. “When I worked with the girls
I would show them a passage in an arrangement and how to phrase it,
four bars at a time. We’d keep on going over it, and finally,
when it jelled, you could see their little eyes beam...”
m King composed their signature tune
(“Galvanizing”), wrote and arranged most of their music,
guided them through film appearances, (including That Man of Mine
with actress Ruby Dee) and an overseas tour to entertain U.S. troops
for the United Service Organizations (USO). By 1948, times were getting
tough for the entertainment industry. Money was tight. Club owners
discovered that six or seven piece R&B combos could attract as
many patrons as a sixteen piece big band, and they were much cheaper
to hire. Big bands were on the road to extinction, and, after the
death in 1949 of their founder, Rae Lee Jones the ISR succumbed.
 |
Flame
Show Bar exterior at night, 1950s.
During its heyday, the Flame was Detroit’s primary outlet
for national black entertainment. Courtesy
Evans W. King |
m
After five years on the road with the ISR, Maurice was glad
to get back home. But he didn’t rest long, as his reputation
brought job offers, including one from veteran Detroit club owner
Morris Wasserman. Wasserman was preparing to open the Flame Show Bar,
at 4264 John R Street at Canfield. John R, dubbed the “street
of music” by Detroit’s African-American press, blossomed
with entertainment venues as Detroit’s black population moved
north from Paradise Valley on the east side of Woodward. The grand
opening was set for June 24, 1949. Wasserman wanted to feature national
acts seven nights each week, and for this he needed a musical “man
for all seasons”: a bandleader, arranger, and composer who could
make national stars sound good — and do it with style. King
was the man for the job.
m “He (Wasserman) asked if I could
put together a band to accompany national acts which would work every
night of the week. I told him I could, but the caliber of musicians
I had in mind might cost a little more. He said, ‘do it’.
I agreed on the condition that I would have control over the music
and band personnel. I named the band (Wolverines) after the state
animal.”
m King took charge of the bandstand in
April, 1950, and remained for eleven years.
He assembled six musicians with the necessary skills to play anything
from jazz to R&B. After some initial juggling, King settled on
seasoned players in their 30s: tenor sax ace “Sweet Lou”
Barnett, trumpeter Russell Green (comrades from King’s Leroy
Smith days), pianist Neal “Ghandi” Robinson, and drummer
Elbert “Dagwood” Langford. Two younger players rounded
out the septet, bassist Clarence Sherrill and baritone sax man Thomas
Harold “Stringbeans” Bowles. King himself played alto
sax, but his main task was music director, arranger and leader.
King’s goals for the band?
m “I wanted a big band sound, with
as few horns as I could get! I’m blessed with the knowledge
…of being able to orchestrate in such a manner that a band sounds
bigger than you would expect. When I rehearse a band, I insist that
every man plays his note with the fullest and roundest sound he can
deliver in order to bring out the blend I have created.”
m In order to achieve his goals, King
worked methodically with his men, encouraging and teaching them. As
Beans Bowles recalled to King’s son Evans: “He was the
one who made me the musician I am today. He asked me to join the Wolverines.
From then on, he taught me daily and nightly. He showed me how to
write music.” Bowles pauses. Then he adds, “He didn’t
‘show me’, he made me do it and then he showed me what
was wrong. He’d make me work it out myself. And he taught me
logic — taught me how to think.”
m King’s arrangements were so effective
in highlighting the acts that the Wolverines were often overlooked.
However, music aficionados knew how good King’s band was, and
a 1952 article in the Michigan Chronicle claimed “…Maurice
King’s is one of the city’s most underrated bands…partly
because it is a showband.”
m Trumpeter Johnny Trudell, just out
of his teens, subbed occasionally at the Flame and served as King’s
music copyist. They became close friends, and Trudell has fond memories
of the man. After King’s sons went out on their own, Trudell
and King got even closer.
m “He was an elegant bandleader,
more like Duke Ellington,” Trudell told me. “Everything
was meticulous: his dress, his custom made shoes, his custom made
everything. Total class, man. He was a great arranger, an orchestrator
in the same sense as Benny Carter, (Fletcher) Henderson. He didn’t
need a piano, he just wrote the scores. As a saxophonist he was somewhere
in the mix with Teddy Buckner, Earl Bostic, Johnny Hodges, Louis Jordan.
Good saxophone player, great intonation. He could play everything
he wrote. I learned a lot about my approach to bandleading from him.
He was almost like a father to me.”
 |
| Maurice
King, Johnny Ray and an unidentified entertainer, c.
1956, Flame Show Bar. Maurice tried to buy Ray’s contract
from Flame manager Al Green, but couldn’t raise the money.
Courtesy Evans W. King |
m
Artists like Billie Holiday (appropriately, the first “name”
vocalist to play the Flame), T-Bone Walker, Wynonie Harris, Sarah
Vaughan, to name only a few, appeared at the Flame. Johnny Ray got
his ‘big break’ there. He lived with the King’s
for six months and never forgot Maurice’s kindness or his superb
arrangements.
m The tightly-structured show at the
Flame, usually fashioned by veteran showbiz producer Joe “Ziggy”
Johnson, was an hour long and featured a headliner, one or two Detroit
singers, a comedian, and sometimes dancers, or novelty acts too. There
were five shows on Friday and Saturday and three or four other nights.
The Flame seated 250 patrons, had a 100-foot bar with a “flash”
motif and mirrors on three walls. The stage was located behind the
bar at eye-level. “Man, everybody used to play there,”
Bowles recalled to Lars Bjorn. “We had stage shows seven nights
a week. We called it ‘Little Las Vegas’. The whole corner
was lit up by the Flame.”
m The club attracted a racially mixed
crowd; customers from different Detroit strata felt comfortable there.
Weeknights were dominated by Detroit’s sportin’ life crowd
— pimps, prostitutes and numbers men. The sharp dressers and
more conservative social elements came in on weekends. There were
often lines of customers waiting to get in; entry was on a first come,
first served basis — unless you laid some cash on the doorman.
“That was one, and only one, of the little hustles going on,”
Bowles told me with a laugh. “You could get anything at the
Flame if you had enough money.”
m Berry Gordy, just beginning his career
as a songwriter in the mid-1950s, offered a wide-eyed look at the
John R music scene in his autobiography, To Be Loved.
m “All the beautiful people came
to life at night — the sharpest-dressed black and white people
I had ever seen — jewelry flashing, beautiful furs — something
else…John R Street was jumping with clubs like Sonny Wilson’s
Garfield Lounge, the Chesterfield Lounge and, nearby, the Frolic Show
Bar. But where you’d usually find me was down the street on
the corner of John R and Canfield at the most popular of all, the
Flame Show Bar. The top acts performed on a stage built right into
the bar.”
m Gordy’s sister Gwen owned the
photo concession at the Flame. She introduced Berry to Flame manager
Al Green, who had King and several budding artists, like LaVern Baker,
Johnny Ray and Jackie Wilson, signed to personal contracts. Wilson
recorded some of Gordy's earliest efforts, like “Reet Petite”
and “To Be Loved”. Gordy was impressed with King and later
brought he and Beans Bowles to Motown.
 |
oFlame Show Bar interior, 1950s.Courtesy
Evans W. King |
m
King took on extra work during his Flame years. Clarence Jr.
recalls him getting arranging work after the headliners at the Flame
“would hear him with that seven piece band sounding like a twenty
piece band.” He wrote the music for, and conducted Powell Lindsay’s
production “This is Our America”. King also wrote a musical
score for 20th Century Fox and further flexed his composing muscles
by writing a ballet. He ran for the AFM Local 5 Board of Directors
in 1958, an era when there were no black elected officers. King finished
dead last, and fellow African-American Hank Warren came in twelfth
in a field of fourteen. By 1961, changing musical tastes, the inexorable
rise of television, and continually increasing salaries of headline
entertainers combined to bring the Show Bar era in Detroit to a close.
When King finally left the Flame in 1961, he was replaced with an
organ trio led by Detroit saxophonist George Benson that included
future Motown bandleader Earl Van Dyke. The Flame hung on until 1963.
The site is now a parking garage.
m King got a job across the Detroit River
in Windsor, Ontario at the Metropole Supper Club, but it was like
night and day compared to the Flame. The Metropole brought in national
acts and used a 10 or 11-piece “commercial” band to back
them up. King’s job was Music Director, conductor and arranger,
but he didn’t have direct control over personnel; the Canadian
musician’s union had quota requirements and he was forced to
use musicians he didn’t select. One can imagine Maurice’s
chagrin with the situation.
m King also took on the role of Music
Director at the Fox Theatre, a position he held for six years; Elvis
Presley (making his first Detroit appearance, in 1956) was among the
many entertainers accompanied by the Fox orchestra. As if all of this
activity wasn’t enough to occupy his time, King hosted the locally
produced and broadcast “Man on the Street” radio program.
He’d conduct impromptu interviews on a range of topics with
ordinary people.
King, the provider was always involved with money-making projects.
His family lived well because of King’s many talents, but he
never spent much time with them. “Even when he was in town,
Maurice wasn’t home very much,” Clarence Jr. recalls.
“Maurice King never cut grass, never parked a car, never cooked
a meal. He did it all with music.” King was a respected –
and feared – figure in his children’s lives; he was the
boss, even though he wasn’t around. “My brother and sister
wouldn’t drink or smoke in front of Maurice,” claims Clarence
Jr. My mom and I weren’t afraid of him – we idolized him.
My mom’s attitude shaped our attitude towards Maurice. He was
never there.”
 |
Flyer
for “Panorama of Progress”, 1956.
Maurice arranged, conducted and contributed a composition to Powel
Lindsey’s production. He also brought twelve year old Gladys
Knight to Detroit to sing it. Courtesy Odell
Waller |
m
Clarence Jr. became his dad’s confidant, book keeper,
and occasional sub at the Flame. As he puts it, “I was reared
to be Maurice King Jr. I had my role model living in the same house…I
got a saxophone and an instruction book for Christmas when I was 11,”
he continues. “Maurice came back from Europe with the International
Sweethearts of Rhythm a year later and by then I could play. I’d
heard him give so many lessons, I knew how to do everything but blow
the horn.”
m Maurice seldom went to family gatherings;
if he stopped by, he’d sit outside in his car.
“He’d stay in his car,” his nephew, Odell Waller,
told me. “To see Uncle Maurice, you went outside and got in
his car. He wouldn’t budge. He’d sit almost sideways and
lean against the door of his big Chrysler. It was kind of like paying
homage to him, I guess.” King often conducted business in his
car, which served as his mobile office and, perhaps, his throne. King
was a Chrysler man – he bought large, comfortable cars, always.
I met him on several occasions in various parking lots. We’d
sit in his New Yorker and listen to his recordings. He was always
calm and would patiently re-explain situations to me if he felt I
hadn’t ‘got it’.
By 1963, Berry Gordy had established Motown Records as a major force
in the entertainment industry, and he hired Maurice King.
m “I was the Musical Director of
Artist Development”, King recalled. “I taught them (the
vocal groups) how to phrase. I arranged their music; I arranged songs
for them. I taught them how to blend. I collaborated with their choreographer,
did a lot of their staging. I didn’t teach them any dance steps,
but I suggested a few to the choreographer (Cholly Atkins) sometimes.”
Johnny Trudell, whom Maurice brought into the Motown fold, summed
up King’s contribution thusly: “Maurice brought sophistication
and class to Motown.”
m King had a reputation at Motown as
a father figure, and he spent more time with the Motown acts than
with his family – Eddie Mae raised their Maurice was a stickler
for appointment times — no group or singer would dare to turn
up late for a session with Mr. King. His lessons were taken seriously
and appreciated. “He was a part of our longevity,” Gladys
Knight told Evans. She first met Maurice in 1956 when he brought Gladys,
then age twelve, to Detroit to sing in a Powell Lindsay production.
m “He taught us the things that
would help us to stay out here, the small things like how we got up
in the morning, how we responded to people,” said Knight. “And
he kept track of our appearances”.
m King, known as Motown’s music
troubleshooter, whipped many a road band into shape and also occasionally
conducted in the studio.
Clarence Jr. recalls how his father created arrangements for Motown’s
vocalists. “He had one of those silver Panasonic tape recorders.
He’d catch those groups with their little rhythm sections….couldn’t
read a note as big as a house, didn’t know theory, but had the
‘stuff’. He could record that, listen to it, and create
an arrangement for an eighteen-piece orchestra with the feel of what
they had played. The music was very, very difficult.”
m Trumpeter Gordon Stump, then a first-call
theater musician, worked for King many times at Spinners performances.
He recalled King’s music — and his method of maintaining
order during rehearsals. King was of average height with a large belly,
but he exuded an aura of power and authority.
 |
| Leroy
Smith WPA Orchestra, 1941, St. Matthew’s Church, Detroit.
Courtesy Elaine Green. Smith (Standing, with violin)
was an early role model for Maurice King (seated, far left). This
band included trumpeter Russell Green (standing, fifth from right)
and saxophonist Lou Barnett (seated next to King). They were charter
members of King’s Flame Show Bar band Courtesy
Odell Waller |
m
“Except for the people who were closer to his age, no
one called him ‘Maurice’. It was always ‘Mr. King’.
That struck me…it wasn’t something he demanded, it was
something that happened because of respect. He was a disciplinarian,
and he expected professional deportment.
m “I remember at Pine Knob…
the drummer, who wasn’t a local musician, he was a huge guy,
he was just burned out, tired, and the air conditioning wasn’t
working in his room,” continues Stump. “And he started
whining. Maurice made his way through the musicians to him and he
took the drummer’s hands bent his fingers back and brought him
right down to his knees. Maurice told him to watch his tone of voice,
and the guy said, ‘I’m sorry Mr. King, it’ll never
happen again.’ And my mouth just dropped open.”
m Because his music was especially difficult
for saxophonists, King would always challenge the reed section before
rehearsal.
m “The first thing that he’d
say would be that they can’t play his music,” Stump remembers.
“And they would say that they could. It was very much a joke,
but he’d challenged them. And it would be a problem if a saxophone
player wasn’t used to that style of double-time sixteenth notes.
It’s the kind of thing you’d see if you studied Etudes
in college. To see that in a jazz band?…if you’re used
to playing Glenn Miller and Dorsey stuff, which is all swing eighth
notes, and you’re seeing these runs of sixteenth notes with
sixteenth rests, you’d be in deep trouble. If he sensed a weakness
in a chair, he would really embarrass them. Because he wanted it right.
It was kind of a fun thing for him to let everyone else know that
this person just couldn’t play his stuff. I guess, if you couldn’t
play his stuff, it would make him feel good. It wasn’t mean-spirited,
it was just…he was good.”
m King loved musicians, period. He respected
the time and effort it took to play an instrument well. Clarence Jr.
recalls Maurice walking out of his way to give some paper money to
a lone street guitarist, commenting to his son, “musicians take
care of each other.” King did not consider vocalists to be musicians,
and very few of the many singers he worked with earned his respect.
m Maurice continued his association with
Gladys Knight, and the Spinners, after Motown left town. The Spinner’s
hired King full-time as music director. Spinner Bobbie Smith, who
still refers to King as “Mr. King”, recalls King’s
approach to his music: “The arrangements was very complex…and
a lot of musicians couldn’t play ‘em. And Mr. King didn’t
allow no mistakes. If you couldn’t play it, you was out!”
 |
| Maurice
King orchestra and others, Flame Show Bar basement, June 1949.
L to R: Russell Green, King, Beans Bowles, Anita O’ Day,
unidentified (possibly Carl Huff, O’ Day’s husband),
Wendell Jenkins, bass (next to O’ Day), Lou Barnett, Edward
“Chips” Grant, Neal “Ghandi” Robinson.
Author’s collection |
m
“You see,” he continues, explaining their performance
strategy, “back in the (late) 60s, early 70s, the Spinners had
high-performance arrangements. Like, we didn’t really have ‘hit’
records, so he arranged our ‘opener’, ‘cause you
got to be strong getting on and off stage. And, like, we had big arrangements,
great dance steps on it, and that’s where Mr. King and Cholly
Atkins came into play. That type of stuff put the Spinners ahead of
people who had ‘hit’ records.”
“I am their Musical Director, conductor, arranger,” King
told me. “I do all their charts.” The Spinners were preparing
for an appearance with the San Diego Symphony Orchestra, and King
was excited at the prospect of writing arrangements for the 56 strings
at his disposal. King loved string arrangements by Don Costa and Nelson
Riddle, but he had “my own little ideas” and always arrived
at a unique sound and style.
m King’s flamboyant attire was
also an asset to the Spinners. “I think one of his outfits was
a turquoise tuxedo,” recalls Stump. “People in Detroit
know their artists really well, and when they saw that huge turquoise
tuxedo come out on stage, they would just start screamin’. Because
they knew that soon after he showed up, the stars would be there.”
m King started to cut back on his activities
during the 1980s. He put his alto away for good because his intonation
was off in certain registers and it affected his three dogs; they
would cry when he played certain notes.
 |
| Maurice,
Eddie Mae, Clarence Jr. and Evans King, c. 1940s, unidentified
location. Courtesy Evans W. King |
m
“If it had just been one dog I probably wouldn’t
have thought too much of I,” he said. “People don’t
realize that about dogs, they respond to vibrations, and it was hurting
their ears.”
He kept his hand in music through his association with the Spinners,
and he mentored the popular rock ’n’ roll group “DC
Drive”, teaching them deportment and offering music advice.
Brian Pastoria, drummer with the group, told Evans King that “He
made us understand and realize a lot about music and life. He heard
what we were doing right from the get-go.”
m King had projects, like composing a
piece for the Detroit Symphony, a logical outgrowth of Maurice’s
interest in tone colors and blends. Gordon Stump recalls hearing about
“The Detroit Suite” an extended work that may have been
completed but hasn’t been performed. Another vision King hoped
would materialize was an LP featuring Duke Ellington’s music
(arranged by Maurice) on one side and King’s music on the other.
“I wanted to call it The King meets The Duke,” he recalled
with a chuckle. Unfortunately, the record company King approached
“couldn’t see past their nose” and his idea never
came to fruition.
m Maurice continued his music activities
but he foundered after Eddie Mae’s death in 1988. King always
supported his family financially (he put Clarence Jr. and Karen through
college) but wasn’t around often enough to be an effective father.
He depended upon Eddie Mae to manage their money, raise their children
and take care of his needs. He didn’t have the necessary survival
skills, like cooking and money management, and didn’t seem to
be interested in acquiring them – that would take him away from
his music.
Maurice wed his longtime friend Nellie Foreman just a few months before
his own death on December 18, 1992. “Maurice died because he
just got tired of living. He just stopped eating,” claims Clarence
Jr.. “He did it his way. He did everything his way.”
His funeral was packed with people he’d worked with, helped,
or supported in some type of musical activity. They’d come to
pay their last respects to the King of Detroit music.
m Additional information about Maurice
King may be found at http://www.MauriceKing.org
Jim Gallert and Lars Bjorn are Detroit-area jazz historians. Their
website is www.detroitmusichistory.com
Maurice
King On Record
King’s arrangements were dynamic, audacious works that played
a significant role in establishing the Flame as a major entertainment
spot. King bemoaned the fact that his Flame Show Bar band was never
given a chance to record some of their better material.
The Michigan Chronicle cited “Pennies From Heaven”, “Indiana”,
“What’s New” and “Three Little Words”
as good examples of Wolverine performances, but Maurice didn’t
get the chance to record jazz material. The band’s opening theme
was a swinging arrangement of “My Old Flame”, but this never
made it on wax either. The Wolverines did record with Johnny Ray and
LaVern Baker.
 |
A later
photo of Maurice King.
Courtesy Evans W. King |
m
He cut three sessions for Columbia and Okeh under his own name
in the early 1950s, which display the R&B side of his band very
effectively; they’re examples of early rock n’ roll.
“Make Love To Me” is a souped-up and swinging arrangement
of the early jazz standard “Tin Roof Blues” with the interestingly
named Putney Nails taking vocal honors. (Maurice would chuckle any time
I brought his name up, but wouldn’t otherwise comment) The band
really swings and Bowles pumps out a hot baritone sax solo.
m
“Nightfall” features Maurice’s soulful and
elegiac alto sax work and his empathy with the classic alto masters
of the 1930s (Willie Smith, Benny Carter, Johnny Hodges) is apparent.
He arranged numbers for pianist Todd Rhodes’ fine Jump band, including
the excellent “Prelude In C# Minor”, and many numbers for
Detroit chanteuse Kitty Stevenson (mother of Motown’s Mickey),
including “Make It Right” and “It Ain’t Right”,
both of which she recorded with Todd Rhodes. Maurice was a prolific
arranger, and many of his works were doubtless recorded by other pop
artists.
m King’s work with the International
Sweethearts of Rhythm isn’t currently in print. The excellent
self-titled video documentary of the band is also out of print. The
Sweethearts also made three “soundies”, three minute performance
films, the 1940s equivalent of today’s videos, but these haven’t
yet been reissued. |